The Fourth Alabama Painting by Don Troiani

First Brigade, Army of the Shenandoah

Lieutenant Colonel J Echols, 27th Virginia Infantry

Lieutenant Colonel J Echols, 27th Virginia Infantry

Twenty-seventh Virginia Infantry

Mustered in Confederate service for one year dated 1 July, 1861. Arrived at Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, 19 July, 1861. Stationed at the rear of Blackburn's and Mitchell's Fords, on the Bull Run River, 21 July, 1861

COLONEL W W GORDON
W W Gordon was appointed colonel, Virginia Volunteers, at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 3 May, 1861, and assigned to the 27th Virginia Infantry on 30 May, 1861. Colonel W W Gordon, 27th Virginia Infantry, resigned due to ill health on 14 October, 1861.

LIEUTENANT COLONEL J ECHOLS
J Echols was appointed lieutenant colonel, Virginia Volunteers, at Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, on 3 May, 1861, and was assigned to the 27th Virginia Infantry at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 30 May, 1861.

MAJOR A J GRIGSBY
A J Grigsby was appointed major, Virginia Volunteers, at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 3 May, 1861, and was assigned to the 27th Virginia Infantry on 12 June, 1861.

Company A Alleghany Light Infantry/ Roughs: CAPT. T MCALLISTER
The company was accepted in state service for one year at Covington, Alleghany County, Virginia, on 22 April, 1861, and was mustered in state service at Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, by Major & Quartermaster M G Harman, Virginia Volunteers, on 14 May, 1861. The company was assigned to the 13th Virginia Infantry at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, between 18 and 29 May, 1861, and to the 27th Virginia Infantry, Company A, on 30 May, 1861. First Lieutenant J Carpenter, 27th Virginia Infantry, Company A, was appointed adjutant, 27th Virginia Infantry, on 2 June, 1861, and the resignation of Captain T McAllister, 27th Virginia Infantry, Company A, due to ill health was accepted by Special orders No.129, Paragraph I, Adjutant & Inspector General's Office, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, on 20 August, 1861. Adjutant & First Lieutenant J Carpenter, 27th Virginia Infantry, was appointed captain, 27th Virginia Infantry, Company A, on 26 August, 1861, and the company was designated the Alleghany Artillery on 31 October, 1861 (See the 13th Virginia Infantry).
Company B Virginia Hibernians: CAPT. H H ROBERTSON
The company was accepted in state service for one year at Jackson River, Alleghany County, Virginia, on 15 May, 1861, and was mustered in state service at Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, by Lieutenant Colonel J Echols, Virginia Volunteers, at Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, the same day. The company was assigned to the 5th Virginia Infantry at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, between 22/23 and 29 May, 1861, and to the 27th Virginia Infantry, Company B, on 30 May, 1861 (See the 5th Virginia Infantry).
Company C Alleghany Rifles: CAPT. L P HOLLOWAY
The company was accepted in state service for one year at Jackson River, Alleghany County, Virginia, on 10 May, 1861, and was mustered in state service at Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, by Lieutenant Colonel J Echols, Virginia Volunteers, on 15 May, 1861. The company was assigned to the 2nd Virginia Infantry at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, between 23/24 and 29 May, 1861, and to the 27th Virginia Infantry, Company C, on 30 May, 1861 (See the 10th Virginia Infantry).
Company D Monroe Guards: CAPT. H S TIFFANY
The company was accepted in state service for one year at Union, Monroe County, Virginia, on 9 May, 1861, and was mustered in state service at Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, by Lieutenant Colonel J Echols, Virginia Volunteers, on 15 May, 1861. The company was assigned to the 2nd Virginia Infantry at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, between 23/24 and 29 May, 1861, and to the 27th Virginia Infantry on 30 May, 1861. Captain H S Tiffany, 27th Virginia Infantry, Company D, was killed at the first battle of Manassas on 21 July, 1861 (See the 33rd Virginia Infantry).
Company E Greenbrier/ Lewisburg Rifles: CAPT. R F DENNIS
The company was accepted in state service for one year at Lewisburg, Greenbrier County, Virginia, on 9 May, 1861, and was mustered in state service at Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, by Lieutenant Colonel J Echols, Virginia Volunteers, on 15 May, 1861. The company was assigned to the 5th Virginia Infantry at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, between 22/23 and 29 May, 1861, and to the 27th Virginia Infantry on 30 May, 1861 (See the 5th Virginia Infantry).
Company F Greenbrier Sharpshooters/ Meadow Rifles: CAPT. S W BROWN
The company was accepted in state service for one year at Meadow Bluff, Greenbrier County, Virginia, on 11 May, 1861, and arrived at Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, on 17 May, 1861. The company was mustered in state service at Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, by Lieutenant Colonel J Echols, Virginia Volunteers, on 18 May, 1861, and was assigned to the 27th Virginia Infantry, Company F, on 30 May, 1861. Captain S W Brown, 27th Virginia Infantry, Company F, was discharged due to typhoid fever on 21 July, 1861, and died on 22 August, 1861. Drillmaster C R Norris, Virginia Military Institute Corps Cadets, was assigned as acting captain, 27th Virginia Infantry, Company F, at the first battle of Manassas on 21 July, 1861, and First Lieutenant G C Smith, 27th Virginia Infantry, Company F, was appointed captain, 27th Virginia Infantry, Company F, on 26 August, 1861 (See the 1st Rockbridge Artillery).
Company G Shriver Greys: CAPT. D M SHRIVER
The company was accepted in state service for one year at Wheeling, Ohio County, Virginia, on 17 May, 1861, and was mustered in state service by Captain M McDonald, corps engineers, Provisional Army of Virginia, on 26 May, 1861. The company was assigned to the 27th Virginia Infantry, Company G, on 30 May, 1861, and Captain D M Shriver's, 27th Virginia Infantry, Company G, resignation was accepted by Special Orders No.133, Paragraph XX, Adjutant & Inspectors General's Office, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, on 24 August, 1861. The company was assigned to the 36th Virginia Battalion Cavalry, under the command of Major J W Sweeney, dated May, 1863.
Company H (1st) Old Dominion Greys: CAPT. W SHERRARD
The company was accepted in state service for one year at Darkesville, Berkeley County, Virginia, on 19 April, 1861, and was listed as the 6th Virginia Infantry, Company G, on 29 May, 1861. The company was assigned to the 27th Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 30 May, 1861, and Captain W Sherrard, 27th Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), resigned at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 5 June, 1861. The company was disbanded as it was below the minimum and not mustered in state service on 10 June, 1861.
Company H (2nd) Rockbridge Rifles: CAPT. S H LETCHER
The company was accepted in state service for one year at Lexington, Rockbridge County, Virginia, on 18 April, 1861, and was assigned to the 5th Virginia Infantry, Company B, at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 8 May, 1861. The company was mustered in state service for one year at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, by Captain M McDonald, corps engineers, Provisional Army of Virginia, on 15 May, 1861, and was assigned to the 4th Virginia Infantry, Company K, at Camp Johnston, Shenandoah Valley Agricultural Society Fairgrounds, a quarter of a mile northwest of Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, on 13 July, 1861. The company was assigned to the 27th Virginia Infantry, Company K (2nd), at the rear between Blackburn's and Mitchell's Fords, on the Bull Run River, on 24 July, 1861.

Organisation of 27th Virginia Infantry at first battle of Manassas, 21 July, 1861: Colonel W W Gordon, Lieutenant Colonel J Echols, Major A J Grigsby; Company A, Alleghany Light Infantry/ Roughs, Captain T McAllister; Company B, Virginia Hibernians, Captain H H Robertson; Company C, Alleghany Rifles, Captain L P Holloway; Company D, Monroe Guards, Captain H S Tiffany; Company E, Greenbrier/ Lewisburg Rifles, Captain R F Dennis; Company F, Greenbrier Sharpshooters/ Meadow Rifles, Captain S W Brown*; Company G, Shriver Greys, Captain D M Shriver

*Not present at the battle of first Manassas on 21 July, 1861

Sources

"By order of Gen. Harman, the Rockbridge Rifles (Capt. Letcher) left today at 1 o'clock for Staunton. They number near 100 able-bodied men. This evening the Rockbridge Troop, (Capt. White,) 80 strong, leave for Staunton, and the Troop in the lower end of our county, (Capt. McNutt,) goes with them."

Staunton Spectator (Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia), 20 April, 1861 - Troops in motion

"A company from Alleghany of 75 men, the 'Alleghany Roughs,' Capt. McCallister, arrived here last night."

Staunton Spectator (Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia), 23 April, 1861

"The company of infantry from Greenbrier, under the command of Robert F. Dennis, and a company from Monroe, the 'Monroe Guard,' Capt. Tiffany, left their respective counties on Monday, and are expected here on Wednesday."

Staunton Spectator (Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia), 14 May, 1861 - Military movements

"The following companies left this place during the past week: On Saturday the 12th, Rockbridge Artillery, Capt. W. N. Pendleton; on Monday, the 13th, Staunton Rifles, Capt. Asher W. Harman, and West View Infantry, Capt. St. Francis C. Roberts; on Tuesday, Churchville Cavalry, Capt. Sterrett; on Wednesday, Alleghany Light Infantry, Capt. Thompson McAllister, and Ready Rifles of Augusta, Capt. O. F. Grinnan; on Thursday, Rockbridge Greys, Capt. James G. Updike, and, on Saturday, about one hundred soldiers enlisted in the regular army. On Monday of this week, Greenbrier Rifles, Capt. Robert F. Dennis, and Hibernians, Capt. H. H. Robertson; on Tuesday, Monroe Guard, Capt. Tiffany, and Alleghany Rifles, Capt. Holloway. Other companies will leave in a few days."

Staunton Spectator (Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia), 21 May, 1861 - Departure of troops

"Since our last issue, the following troops have arrived: On Tuesday, 'Rockbridge Cavalry,' Capt. McNutt; on Wednesday, 'Bath Cavalry,' Capt. Richards, 'Greenbrier Rifles,' Capt. Dennis, 'Monroe Guards,' Capt. Tiffany, 'Alleghany Rifles,' Capt. Holloway, 'Hibernians, ' (Alleghany) Capt. Robinson; on Friday, 'Greenbrier Sharp Shooters,' Capt. Brown, and about one hundred soldiers enlisted in the regular army by Lieut. Gardiner Paxton, recruiting officer."

Staunton Spectator (Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia), 21 May, 1861 - Arrival of troops

"Alleghany has three volunteer companies in the field: 1st, 'The Alleghany Roughs,' Capt. McCallister; 2d, Alleghany Rifles, Capt. L. P. Holloway; 3d, The Virginia Hibernians, Capt. H. H. Robertson; together with about 200 recruits for regular service. The volunteers number about 260 men."

Richmond Enquirer, Semi-weekly edition (Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia), 28 May, 1861 - Alleghany the banner County

"First - Greenbrier Rifles, Capt. Dennis, now at Harper's Ferry 2nd - Meadow Rifles, Capt. Brown, at Harper's Ferry; 3rd - Greenbrier Cavalry, Capt. Moorman, at Beverly; 4th - White Sulphur Rangers, Capt. Smith, at Beverly; 5th - Captain Davis' Company, now here uniforming; 6th - Capt. Taylor's Frankfurt Rifles; 7th and 8th - the companies formed yesterday, as yet nameless, and our 9th will be a company in the north of our county, now forming. The full strength of our companies combined is six hundred and fifty men."

The Richmond Enquirer, Semi-weekly edition (Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia), 18 June, 1861 - The volunteer spirit in Greenbrier: Lewisburg, Va., 11th June, 1861

Books/ Manuscripts

The Virginia Regimental Histories Series, Twenty-seventh Virginia Infantry, First Edition, No.476 of 1000, by L Reidenbaugh

Supplement to the Official Records: Part II, Record of Events, Volume 72, Serial No.84: Record of events for Twenty-seventh Virginia Infantry, April 1861-October 1864, edited by James B Hewett

A guide to Virginia military organisations 1861-1865, Revised Second Edition by I A Wallace, Jr.

"At First Manassas he commanded the regiment, and was soon afterwards made its Colonel, (the health of Colonel W. W. Gordon having occasioned the resignation of that officer)."

Gen. John Echols - Advocate and defender of the Confederacy: The Confederate Veteran, Volume IV, Nashville, Tenn., January-December 1896, pp316-317

"Norris and Cadet Charles C Wight were assigned to instruct the 27th Virginia Infantry."

"In its ranks as acting volunteer captains were Cadets Norris, Hempstead, Wight, and Moffett."

The young lions: Confederate cadets at war, by James Lee Conrad

Notes

The 6th Virginia Infantry was organised at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 30 May, 1861, and was designated the 27th Virginia Infantry on 31 May, 1861.

Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, 23 April, Company H (1st), 1861: The Old Dominion Greys was stationed at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 23 April, 1861.

Troops stationed at & in the vicinity of Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, 29 April, 1861: Major General K Harper, Fifth Division, Virginia Militia; Senior Brigadier General J H Carson (Frederick County), Sixteenth Brigade, Third Division, Virginia Militia; Brigadier General G S Meem (Shenandoah County), Seventh Brigade, Third Division, Virginia Militia; Brigadier General W H Harman (Augusta County), Thirteenth Brigade, Fifth Division, Virginia Militia; Unattached Volunteers, Old Dominion Greys, Captain W Sherrard

General Orders No.23, Division Headquarters, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, 30 April, 1861: Colonel T J Jackson, Virginia Volunteers, was assigned to command the troops at and in the vicinity of Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, by General Orders No.23, Division Headquarters, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 30 April, 1861, and assumed command on 1 May, 1861.

Note: Major General K Harper, Fifth Division, Virginia Militia, was relieved from duty at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, by General Orders No.23, Division Headquarters, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 30 April, 1861, and Colonel T J Jackson, Virginia Volunteers, was stationed at the Wager House Hotel, on Potomac Street, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, between 28 April and 7 May, 1861.

Rendezvous at Staunton, 15 May, 1861

The Alleghany Light Infantry/ Roughs, the Virginia Hibernians, the Alleghany Rifles, the Monroe Guards and the Greenbrier/ Lewisburg Rifles, and the Greenbrier Sharpshooters/ Meadow Rifles were ordered to rendezvous at Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, by Lieutenant Colonel J Echols, Virginia Volunteers, on 15 May, 1861, dated 9 May, 1861.

Note: Lieutenant Colonel J Echols, Virginia Volunteers, was ordered to call out and muster into state service volunteer companies from Alleghany, Augusta, Bath, Greenbrier, Highland, Monroe, Pendelton, Pocahontas, and Rockbridge Counties, at Stuanton, Augusta County, Virginia, on 6 May, 1861, and Colonel T J Jackson, Virginia Volunteers, was stationed at the United States Armory Superintendent's House, on Camp Hill, opposite Jackson Street, between South Cliff and Fillmore Streets, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 8 May, 1861.

Covington, Alleghany County, to Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, Company A, 13 May, 1861: The Alleghany Light Infantry/ Roughs arrived by the Virginia Central Railroad at Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, on 13 May, 1861, and was accompanied by the Ready Rifles (See the 5th Virginia Infantry).

Union, Monroe County, to Jackson River, Alleghany County, Virginia, Company D, 13-15 May, 1861: The Monroe Guards (104) was ordered to proceed by the Virginia Central Railroad to Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, in the afternoon on 13 May, 1861, and was accompanied by Lieutenant Colonel J Echols, Virginia Volunteers. The company was stationed at Jackson River Station, Aleghany County, Virginia, on 15 May, 1861.

Lewisburg, Greenbrier County, to Jackson River, Alleghany County, Virginia, Company E, 13-15 May, 1861: The Greenbrier/ Lewisburg Rifles was ordered to proceed by the Virginia Central Railroad to Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, in the afternoon on 13 May, 1861, and arrived at Jackson River Station, Aleghany County, Virginia, on 15 May, 1861.

Note: The Virginia Hibernians and the Alleghany Rifles were stationed at Jackson River Station, Aleghany County, Virginia, on 15 May, 1861.

Jackson River, Alleghany County, to Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, Companies B, C, D, & E, 15 May, 1861: The Virginia Hibernians, the Alleghany Rifles, the Monroe Guards and the Greenbrier/ Lewisburg Rifles arrived by the Virginia Central Railroad at Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, on 15 May, 1861, and were accompanied by Lieutenant Colonel J Echols, Virginia Volunteers.

Meadow Bluff, Greenbrier County, to Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, Company F, 16-17 May, 1861: The Greenbrier Sharpshooters/ Meadow Rifles was ordered to proceed by the Virginia Central Railroad to Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, in the morning on 16 May, 1861, and arrived via Jackson River Station, Aleghany County, Virginia, on 17 May, 1861.

Mustered for one year, Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, Companies A, B, C, D, E, &, F, 14, 15, & 18 May, 1861: The 27th Virginia Infantry, Company A, was mustered in state service for one year at Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, by Major & Quartermaster M G Harman, Virginia Volunteers, on 14 May, 1861; Companies B, C, D, and E for one year by Lieutenant Colonel J Echols, Virginia Volunteers, on 15 May, 1861; and Company F for one year on 18 May, 1861.

Note: Lieutenant Colonel J Echols, Virginia Volunteers, arrived by the Virginia Central Railroad at Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, on 15 May, 1861.

Staunton to harpers Ferry, 16-22/23 May, 1861

The Alleghany Light Infantry/ Roughs was ordered to proceed by the Virginia Central Railroad to Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 15 May, 1861, and was accompanied by the Ready Rifles. The company arrived by the Winchester & Potomac Railroad at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, via Manassas Junction, Prince William County, and Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, on 17 May, 1861 (See the 5th Virginia Infantry).

Note: The Alleghany Light Infantry/ Roughs was temporarily assigned to the 13th Virginia Infantry at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, between 18 and 29 May, 1861, and was stationed at the Blue Ridge Mountains/ Loudoun Heights, one mile south of Harpers Ferry Jefferson County, Virginia, on 15 June, 1861 (See the 13th Virginia Infantry).

Staunton, Augusta County, to Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, Company F, 18-19/20 May, 1861: The Greenbrier Sharpshooters/ Meadow Rifles was ordered to proceed by the Virginia Central Railroad to Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 18 May, 1861, and arrived by the Winchester & Potomac Railroad via Manassas Junction, Prince William County, and Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, on 19/20 May, 1861.

Staunton, Augusta County, to Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, Companies B & E, 20-21/22 May, 1861: The Virginia Hibernians and the Greenbrier/ Lewisburg Rifles were ordered to proceed by the Virginia Central Railroad to Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 20 May, 1861, and arrived by the Winchester & Potomac Railroad via Manassas Junction, Prince William County, and Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, on 21/22 May, 1861.

Note: The Virginia Hibernians and the Greenbrier/ Lewisburg Rifles were temporarily assigned to the 5th Virginia Infantry at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, between 23 and 29 May, 1861 (See the 5th Virginia Infantry).

Staunton, Augusta County, to Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, Companies C & D, 21-22/23 May, 1861: The Alleghany Rifles (71) and the Monroe Guards (87) were ordered to proceed by the Virginia Central Railroad to Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, in the morning on 21 May, 1861, and arrived by the Winchester & Potomac Railroad via Manassas Junction, Prince William County, and Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, on 22/23 May, 1861.

Note: The Alleghany Rifles and the Monroe Guards were temporarily assigned to the 10th Virginia Infantry and the 2nd Virginia Infantry, respectively, at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, between 22/23 and 29 May, 1861.

Wheeling, Ohio County, to Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, Company G, 17-23 May, 1861: The Shriver Greys was ordered to proceed by boat on the Ohio River to Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 17 May, 1861, and arrived at Gauley Bridge, Fayette County, via Parkersburg, Wood County, and Charleston, Kanawha County, Virginia, on 19 May, 1861. The company was ordered to Lewisburg, Greenbrier County, Virginia, on 20 May, 1861, and arrived by the Winchester & Potomac Railroad at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 23 May, 1861.

At and in the vicinity of Harpers Ferry, 23 may-15 June, 1861

The Alleghany Light Infantry, the Virginia Hibernians, the Alleghany Rifles, the Monroe Guards, the Greenbrier/ Lewisburg Rifles, the Greenbrier Sharpshooters/ Meadow Rifles, the Shriver Greys, and the Old Dominion Greys were stationed at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 23 May, 1861.

Note: The Shriver Greys was stationed at the United States Armory Dwelling buildings, on Shenandoah, North Potomac/ Cliff, and High/ Washington Streets; Upper and Lower Halls Island, on the Shenandoah River; and Camp Hill, west of Harper Cemetery, between South Cliff and Washington Streets, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 27 May, 1861, and the Alleghany Light Infantry, the Virginia Hibernians, the Alleghany Rifles, the Monroe Guards, the Greenbrier/ Lewisburg Rifles, the Greenbrier Sharpshooters/ Meadow Rifles, and the Shriver Greys were assigned to the 27th Virginia Infantry, Companies A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, H (1st), respectively, at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 30 May, 1861.

Arrival at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, Brigadier General J E Johnston, Confederate States, 23 May, 1861: Brigadier General J E Johnston, Confederate States, arrived by the Winchester & Potomac Railroad at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, at 12 PM on 23 May, 1861, and was accompanied by Lieutenant Colonel E K Smith, cavalry, Confederate States Army, and Major W H C Whiting, corps engineers, Confederate States Army.

Note: Brigadier General J E Johnston, Confederate States, set up headquarters at the United States Armory Superintendent's House, on Camp Hill, opposite Jackson Street, between South Cliff and Fillmore Streets, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 23 May, 1861, and assumed command of the troops at and in the vicinity of Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 24 May, 1861.

Mustered for one year, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, Companies G & H (2nd), 15 & 26 May, 1861: The 27th Virginia Infantry, Company H (2nd), was mustered in state service for one year at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, by Captain M McDonald, corps engineers, Provisional Army of Virginia, on 15 May, 1861, and Company G for one year on 26 May, 1861.

Note: The 2nd Virginia Infantry, the 4th Virginia Infantry, 5th Virginia Infantry, 27th Virginia Infantry, and the 1st Rockbridge Artillery were assigned to Colonel T J Jackson, Provisional Army Virginia, at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 1 June, 1861.

General Orders No.25, Headquarters, Virginia Forces, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, 8 June, 1861: The 27th Virginia Infantry was assigned to the Confederate States by General Orders No.25, Headquarters, Virginia Forces, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, on 8 June, 1861, and was accepted in Confederate service on 1 July, 1861.

Note: A Naval Battery (two 32 pounders and five 24 pounders), under the command of Second Lieutenant C M Fauntleroy, Confederate States Navy, was stationed at the north end of Bolivar Heights/ Furnance Ridge, west of Bolivar, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 14 June, 1861

Disbanded at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, Company H (1st), 30 May, 1861: Captain W Sherrard, 27th Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), resigned at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 5 June, 1861, and the 27th Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), was disbanded as it was below minimum and not mustered in state service on 10 June, 1861.

Note: The 27th Virginia Infantry, Company A, was stationed at the 'Pinnacle', on Elk Ridge Mountain/ Maryland Heights, two and a half miles northwest of Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 14 June, 1861.

Evacuation of Harpers Ferry, 15 June, 1861

The 27th Virginia Infantry was ordered to proceed by the Smithfield, Charlestown & Harpers Ferry Turnpike to Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, at 6.30 AM on 15 June, 1861, and arrived at Charlestown, Jefferson County, Virginia, in the afternoon the same day. The regiment arrived by the Berryville & Charleston Turnpike at Camp Johnston, F P Frame's, on the North Fork of Bull Skin Run, three and a half miles southwest of Charlestown, Jefferson County, Virginia, in the evening on 15 June, 1861.

Note: The sick of the 27th Virginia Infantry was ordered to proceed by the Winchester & Potomac Railroad to Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, at 1 AM on 14 June, 1861.

Advance to Bunker Hill, 16 June, 1861

The 27th Virginia Infantry was ordered to Bunker Hill, Berkeley County, Virginia, at 9 AM on 16 June, 1861, and arrived at Mill Creek, a quarter of a mile north of Bunker Hill, via Smithfield/ Middleway, Berkeley County, Virginia, in the evening the same day.

Note: The 27th Virginia Infantry was assigned to the First Brigade, Army of the Shenandoah, under the command of Brigadier General T J Jackson, Confederate States Army, at Mill Creek, a quarter of a mile north of Bunker Hill, via Smithfield/ Middleway, Berkeley County, Virginia, on 16 June, 1861.

Bunker Hill to Winchester, 17-18 June, 1861

The 27th Virginia Infantry was ordered to proceed by the Martinsburg Turnpike to Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, in the afternoon on 17 June, 1861, and arrived at Camp Carter, Carter's farm, one mile southwest of Stephenson's Station, Frederick County, Virginia, in the evening the same day.

Camp Carter, Carter's farm,one mile southwest of Stephenson's Station, to Shenandoah Valley Agricultural Society Fairgrounds, a quarter of a mile northwest of Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, 18 June, 1861: The 27th Virginia Infantry arrived at Camp Johnston, Shenandoah Valley Agricultural Society Fairgrounds, a quarter of a mile northwest of Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, in the evening on 18 June, 1861.

Thirty-first (Frederick County), Fifty-first (Frederick County), & One Hundred & Twenty-second (Clarke County), Virginia Militia, at Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, 18-20 June, 1861: The 31st Virginia Militia (Frederick County), the 51st Virginia Militia (Frederick County), and the 122nd Virginia Militia (Clarke County), Companies A and D (1st), were stationed at Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, between 18 and 20 June, 1861 (See the Virginia Militia).

Winchester to Martinsburg & Hainesville, 19-21 June, 1861

The 27th Virginia Infantry was ordered to proceed by the Marinsburg Turnpike to Martinsburg, Berkeley County, Virginia, in the evening on 19 June, 1861, and arrived at Darkesville, Berkeley County, Virginia, at 1 AM on 20 June, 1861.

Darkesville to Martinsburg, Berkeley County, Virginia, 20 June, 1861: The 27th Virginia Infantry was ordered to Martinsburg, Berkeley County, Virginia, at 5 AM on 20 June, 1861, and was stationed south of Tuscarora Creek, one mile west of Martinsburg, Berkeley County, Virginia, between 20 and 21 June, 1861.

Note: The 27th Virginia Infantry was ordered south of Tuscarora Creek, one mile west of Martinsburg, Berkeley County, Virginia, at 5 PM on 20 June, 1861.

Destroy rolling stock & buildings at the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, at & in the vicinity of Martinsburg, Berkeley County, Virginia, 20 & 21 June, 1861: The 27th Virginia Infantry was ordered to destroy the rolling stock and buildings at the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, at and in the vicinity of Martinsburg, Berkeley County, Virginia, in the evening on 20 June, 1861, and in the morning on 21 June, 1861..

Note: The 27th Virginia Infantry was stationed at the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad at and in the vicinity of Martinsburg, Berkeley County, Virginia, in the evening on 20 June, 1861.

Martinsburg to Four Mile Woods/ Myers' Orchard, east of the Martinsburg Turnpike, three miles southwest of Hainesville, Berkeley County, Virginia, 21 June, 1861: The 27th Virginia Infantry arrived at Camp Stephens/ Myers, Four Mile Woods/ Myers' Orchard, east of the Martinsburg & Williamsport Turnpike, three miles southwest of Hainesville, Berkeley County, Virginia, at 2 PM on 21 June, 1861.

Note: The 27th Virginia Infantry was stationed at Camp Stephens/ Myers, Four Mile Woods/ Myers' Orchard, east of the Martinsburg & Williamsport Turnpike, three miles southwest of Hainesville, Berkeley County, Virginia, between 21 June and 2 July, 1861.

Skirmish at Hainesville/ Hoke's Run, 2 July, 1861

The 27th Virginia Infantry was assigned to guard duty at Camp Stephens/ Myers, Four Mile Woods/ Myers' Orchard, east of the Martinsburg & Williamsport Turnpike, three miles southwest of Hainesville, Berkeley County, Virginia, during the skirmish between W Hills and W Porterfield's farms, one mile northeast of Hainesville, Berkeley County, Virginia, at 9 AM on 2 July, 1861.

Skirmish between W Hill's & W Porterfield's farms, one mile northeast of Hainesville, Berkeley County, Virginia, 2 July, 1861: The 5th Virginia Infantry and one 6 pounder of the 1st Rockbridge Artillery, under the command of Colonel T J Jackson, Provisional Army Virginia, were engaged in a skirmish between W Hill's and W Porterfield's farms, one mile northeast of Hainesville, Berkeley County, Virginia, at 10 AM on 2 July, 1861 (See the 5th Virginia Infantry).

Troops engaged at the skirmish between W Hills & W Porterfield's farm, one mile northeast of Hainesville, Berkeley County, Virginia, 2 July, 1861: Colonel T J Jackson, Provisional Army Virginia; 5th Virginia Infantry, Colonel K Harper; 1st Rockbridge Artillery, one 6 pounder smoothbore, Captain W N Pendelton

Note: The 2nd Virginia Infantry, the 4th Virginia Infantry, and one 12 pounder field howitzer and two 6 pounder light 'Cadet' smoothbores of the 1st Rockbridge Artillery stationed at the Martinsburg & Williamsport Turnpike, northeast of Hainesville, Berkeley County, Virginia, in the morning on 2 July, 1861.

Retreat to Darkesville, 2-3 July, 1861

The 27th Virginia Infantry arrived by the Marinsburg Turnpike at Snodgrass/ Big Spring, Berkeley County, Virginia, in the evening on 2 July, 1861, and was ordered to Darkesville, Berkeley County, Virginia, in the morning on 3 July, 1861.

Note: The Second, Third, and Fourth Brigades, Army of the Shenandoah, under the command of General J E Johnston, Confederate States Army, arrived at Darkesville, Berkeley County, Virginia, in the morning on 3 July, 1861.

Withdrawal to Winchester, 7-10 July, 1861

The 27th Virginia Infantry was ordered to Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, at 2 PM on 7 July, 1861, and arrived at Camp Carter, Carter's farm, one mile southwest of Stephenson's Station, Frederick County, via Bunker Hill, Berkeley County, Virginia, at 10 AM on 8 July, 1861.

Note: The 27th Virginia Infantry was stationed one mile north of Stephenson's Station, Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, in the evening on 7 July, 1861.

Camp Carter, Carter's farm, one mile southwest of Stephenson's Station, to Shenandoah Valley Agricultural Society Fairgrounds, a quarter of a mile northwest of Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, 10 July, 1861: The 27th Virginia Infantry was ordered to Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, at 12 PM on 10 July, 1861, and arrived at Camp Johnston, Shenandoah Valley Agricultural Society Fairgrounds, a quarter of a mile northwest of Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, in the afternoon the same day.

Note: The 27th Virginia Infantry was stationed at Camp Johnston, Shenandoah Valley Agricultural Society Fairgrounds, a quarter of a mile northwest of Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, between 10 and 18 July, 1861.

March to Manassas Junction, 18-19 July, 1861

The 27th Virginia Infantry was ordered to Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, by Special Orders No.1, Headquarters, Army of the Shenandoah, Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, at 12 PM on 18 July, 1861.

Camp Johnston, Shenandoah Valley Agricultural Society Fairgrounds, a quarter of a mile northwest of Winchester, Frederick County, to Berry's Ferry, on the Shenandoah River, three & a half miles southeast of Millwood, Clarke County, Virginia, 18 July, 1861: The 27th Virginia Infantry arrived by the Millwood Turnpike at Berry's Ferry, on the Shenandoah River, three and a half miles southeast of Millwood, Clarke County, Virginia, at 9 PM on 18 July, 1861.

Berry's Ferry, on the Shenandoah River, three & a half miles southeast of Millwood, Clarke County, to Piedmont Station, Fauquier County, Virginia, 19 July, 1861: The 27th Virginia Infantry arrived at Paris, Fauquier County, Virginia, at 1 AM on 19 July, 1861, and was ordered to Piedmont Station, Fauquier County, Virginia, at 3 AM same day. The regiment arrived at Piedmont Station, Fauquier County, Virginia, at 6 AM on 19 July, 1861.

Piedmont Station, Fauquier County, to Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, 19 July, 1861: The 27th Virginia Infantry was ordered to proceed by the Manassas Gap Railroad to Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, at 9 AM on 19 July, 1861, and arrived at Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, at 4 PM the same day.

Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, to rear between Blackburn's & Mitchell's Fords, on the Bull Run River, 19 & 20 July, 1861: The 27th Virginia Infantry was ordered to the Bull Run River in the evening on 19 July, 1861, and to the rear between Blackburn's and Mitchell's Fords, on the Bull Run River, in the morning on 20 July, 1861.

First battle of Manassas, 21 July, 1861

The 27th Virginia Infantry was stationed at the rear between Blackburn's and Mitchell's Fords, on the Bull Run River, in the morning on 21 July, 1861.

Note: The 27th Virginia Infantry was ordered to the rear between Mitchell's and Ball' Fords, on the Bull Run River, at 7 AM on 21 July, 1861.

Advance to Henry Hill, one mile west of the Stone Bridge, on the Bull Run River, 21 July, 1861: The 27th Virginia Infantry was ordered to Henry Hill, one mile west of the Stone Bridge, on the Bull Run River, in the morning on 21 July, 1861.

Note: The 27th Virginia Infantry was assigned as support to three 6 pounder smoothbores of the Staunton Artillery stationed 600 yards southeast of I Henry's/ Spring Hill, on Henry Hill, one mile west of the Stone Bridge, on the Bull Run River, at 11.30 AM on 21 July, 1861 (See the Staunton Artillery).

Rear between Blackburn's & Mitchell's Fords, on the Bull Run River, 21 July, 1861: The 27th Virginia Infantry was stationed at the rear between Blackburn's and Mitchell's Fords, on the Bull Run River, in the evening on 21 July, 1861.

Return of casualties in the 27th Virginia Infantry, First Brigade, Army of the Shenandoah, at the first battle of Manassas, 21 July, 1861: Killed 19, wounded 122, total 141

Note: The 4th Virginia Infantry, Company K, was assigned to the 27th Virginia Infantry, Company H (2nd), at the rear between Blackburn's and Mitchell's Fords, on the Bull Run River, on 24 July, 1861 (See the 4th Virginia Infantry).

Blackburn's & Mitchell's Fords to Flat Run, 27 July, 1861

The 27th Virginia Infantry arrived at Camp Maggot, on Flat Run, three miles northwest of Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, on 27 July, 1861.

Note: The 27th Virginia Infantrywas stationed at Camp Maggot, on Flat Run, three miles northwest of Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, between 27 July and 2 August, 1861.

Flat Run to Little Rocky Run & Fairfax Courthouse, 2 August-16 September, 1861

The 27th Virginia Infantry arrived at Camp Harman, on Little Rocky Run, one mile east of Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, on 2 August, 1861.

Note: The 27th Virginia Infantry was stationed at Camp Harman, on Little Rocky Run, one mile east of Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, between 2 August and 16 September, 1861.

Camp Harman, on Little Rocky Run, one mile east of Centreville, to Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, 16 September, 1861: The 27th Virginia Infantry was ordered to Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, at 8 AM on 16 September, 1861, and was stationed at Camp Harman, one and a half miles west of Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, between 16 September and 16 October, 1861.

Withdrawal to Centreville, 16 October, 1861

The 27th Virginia Infantry was ordered to Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, at 3 AM on 16 October, 1861.

Reorganised at Conrad's Store, on Elk Run Creek, Rockingham County, Virginia, 23 April, 1862: The 27th Virginia Infantry was reorganised at Conrad's Store, on Elk Run Creek, Rockingham County, Virginia, on 23 April, 1862.

Surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse, Appomattox County, Virginia, 9 April, 1865: The 27th Virginia Infantry, under the command of Captain F C Wilson, 27th Virginia Infantry, Company D, surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse, Appomattox County, Virginia, on 9 April, 1865.

Brigadier General T J Jackson, Confederate States Army, First Brigade, Army of the Shenandoah, 17 June, 1861, dated 8 July, 1861: Major T J Jackson, Virginia Military Institute, was ordered to Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, at 1 PM on 21 April, 1861, and was accompanied by the Virginia Military Institute Corps Cadets and Major R E Colston, Virginia Military Institute. He arrived at Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, at 4 AM on 22 April, 1861, and by the Virginia Central Railroad at Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, at 3 AM on 23 April, 1861. Major T J Jackson, Virginia Military Institute, was appointed colonel, Virginia Volunteers, and ordered to proceed by the Virginia Central Railroad to Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 27 April, 1861. Colonel T J Jackson, Virginia Volunteers, was accompanied by J Preston and J Massie and arrived by the Winchester & Potomac Railroad at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, in the afternoon on 29 April, 1861. He was assigned to command the troops stationed at and in the viciniy of Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, by General Orders No.23, Division Headquarters, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 30 April, 1861, and was appointed brigadier general, Confederate States Army, on 17 June, 1861, dated 8 July, 1861. Brigadier General T J Jackson, Confederate States Army, was appointed major general, Confederate States Army, on 7 October, 1861, and was assigned to the Second Corps, Army of the Potomac, by Special Orders No.419, Paragraph II, Headquarters, Army of the Potomac, Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, on 12 October, 1861.

Note: Inspector General J W Massie, Virginia Volunteers, was appointed major, Virginia Volunteers, at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 3 May, 1861, and Major & Adjutant General J Preston, Virginia Volunteers, was stationed at the United States Armory Superintendent's House, on Camp Hill, opposite Jackson Street, between South Cliff and Fillmore Streets, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, Virginia, on 8 May, 1861.

Second Corps, Army of the Potomac, 25 September, 1861: Major General G W Smith, Confederate States Army, was assigned to the command of the Second Corps, Army of the Potomac, by General Orders No.31, Headquarters, Army of the Potomac, Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, on 25 September, 1861.

The 27th Virginia Infantry was assigned to the Fifth Brigade, Second Division, Potomac District, Department of Northern Virginia, under the command of Brigadier General R Garnett, Confederate States Army, by General Orders No.15, Adjutant & Inspector General's Office, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, on 22 October, 1861, and was ordered to Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, in the morning on 9 November, 1861.

Reports

OFFICIAL REPORT No.11: Series I, Volume 2, (Serial No.2), pp185-186
Colonel T J Jackson, Confederate States Army, First Brigade, Army of the Shenandoah, dated Darkesville, Berkeley County, Virginia, 3 July, 1861

Official REPORT No.82: Series I, Volume 2 (Serial No.2), Chapter IX, pp481-482
Brigadier General T J Jackson, Confederate States Army, First Brigade, Army of the Shenandoah, dated in the vicinity of Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, 23 July, 1861