The Fourth Alabama Painting by Don Troiani

First Brigade, First Corps, Army of the Potomac

Second Lieutenant E S McCarthy, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company

Second Lieutenant E S McCarthy, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company

Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, First Company

Arrived at Manassas Junction, Prince William county, Virginia, 25 May, 1861. Mustered in Confederate service for one year dated 1 July, 1861. Stationed at Mitchells' Ford, on the Bull Run River, 21 July, 1861

CAPTAIN J C SHIELDS
First Lieutenant J C Shields, Richmond Howitzer Company, was appointed captain, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, on 8 May, 1861.

Section: FIRST LT. W P PALMER
Private W P Palmer, Richmond Howitzer Company, was appointed first lieutenant, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, on 12 May, 1861.

Two 12 pounder Army howitzers

Section: SECOND LT. E S MCCARTHY
Private E S McCarthy, Richmond Howitzer Company, was appointed second lieutenant, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, on 12 May, 1861.

Two 6 pounder smoothbores, M1841

Sources

"The Howitzer Company paraded yesterday to the number of 200, (enough to make three companies,) and were mustered into service."

Richmond Daily Dispatch (Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia), 26 April, 1861 - Mustered into service

"The Fayette Artillery and Howitzer Company went into camp yesterday morning. Extensive preparations are being made at the Fairfield race ground and Howard's Grove to accommodate the soldiery now on their way to Richmond."

Richmond Daily Dispatch (Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia), 29 April, 1861 - Gone into camp

"This body of soldiery, formerly under the command of Capt. G. W. Randolph, has been formed into a Battalion, Captain Randolph ranking as Major, and Messrs. J. C. Shields, J. Thompson Brown and R. C. Stanard, been elected as first, second and third Captains."

Richmond Daily Dispatch (Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia), 11 May, 1861 - Howitzer Battalion

"The battalion of Richmond Howitzers have been removed from their late camp ground, Howard's Grove, to Chimborazo Heights, overlooking Griffin's Spring, in the vicinity of Rocketts."

Richmond Daily Dispatch (Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia), 16 May, 1861 - Removed

"The Howitzer Battalion came here from Howard's Grove Wednesday morning, and have gone to soldiering in earnest."

Richmond Daily Dispatch (Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia), 17 May, 1861 - Camp Chimborazo, near Richmond, 16 May, 1861

"The Howitzer Batteries of Captains Latham and Shields had a target practicing on Saturday evening last. Yesterday Latham's battery was sent to Centreville. "

Richmond Daily Dispatch (Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia), 1 July, 1861 - Camp Pickens, Company "H", Justice to Capt. Boggs & Miscellaneous news

Books/ Manuscripts

Contributions to a history of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion: Pamphlet No. 4, Part III, extracts from an old order book of First Company Richmond Howitzers, by J W Randolph

Contributions to a history of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion: Pamphlet No. 1, Part I, organisation of First Company and John Brown Raid, by Captain H Hudnall, Second Company

The Virginia Regimental Histories Series: The Richmond Howitzers, by L A Wallace, Jr.

A guide to Virginia military organisations 1861-1865, Revised Second Edition by L A Wallace, Jr.

"John Parker, a slave from King and Queen County, was employed as a laborer on breastworks and artillery batteries near Richmond, but when the Union army began its advance on Manassas, the Confederate military ordered all colored people must come and fight. Arriving two days before the battle, Parker and four other slaves were assigned to a battery after a brief stint of training. He and his fellow slaves, as Gun Battery no.2, opened fire at 10.00 A.M. that fateful morning with grapeshot, and Parker quickly had his hands full handling ammunition, swabbing the cannon, and staying alive."

Black Confederates and Afro-Yankees in Civil War Virginia, by Ervin L Jordan

Notes

The 1st Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), Richmond Howitzer Company, under the command of Captain G W Randolph, was ordered to Spotswood Hotel, southeast corner of Main and Eighth Streets, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, on 19 April, 1861, and was accepted in state service for one year at the Richmond Howitzer Company on 21 April, 1861.

Note: The 1st Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), Richmond Howitzer Company, was assigned five 12 pounder Dahlgren howitzers and one 12 pounder Dahlgren rifle howitzer at Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, on 25 May, 1860 (See the 1st Virginia Infantry).

Pawnee Sunday, 21 April, 1861

The 1st Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), Richmond Howitzer Company, was ordered to Wilton's plantation, on the north bank of the James River, opposite Drewery Bluff's, Chesterfield County, five miles south of Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, in the afternoon on 21 April, 1861, and was accompanied by the Richmond/ Fayette Artillery and the 1st Virginia Infantry, Company F (1st).

Note: The 1st Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), Richmond Howitzer Company, was ordered to engage the U.S.S. Pawnee on the James River, at Wilton's plantation, on the north bank of the James River, opposite Drewery Bluff's, Chesterfield County, five miles south of Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, in the afternoon on 21 April, 1861.

Spotswood Hotel, southeast corner of Main & Eighth Streets, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, 22 April, 1861: The 1st Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), Richmond Howitzer Company, was ordered to proceed by barges on the James River to Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, in the morning on 22 April, 1861.

Note: The Young Guards and Virginia Life Guards were stationed at the wharf, Rocketts, two miles southeast of the Capitol, Capitol Hill, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, on 21 April, 1861.

Mustered for one year, Capitol Square, between Ninth & Governor Streets, & Bank and Capitol Streets, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, 26 April, 1861: The 1st Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), Richmond Howitzer Company, under the command of Captain G W Randolph, was mustered in state service for one year at Capitol Square, between Ninth and Governor Streets, and Bank and Capitol Streets, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, by Colonel & Inspector General J B Baldwin, Virginia Volunteers, in the morning on 26 April, 1861.

Organisation of 1st Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), Richmond Howitzer Company, Spotswood Hotel, southeast corner of Main & Eighth Streets, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, 26 April, 1861: Major G W Randolph, First Lieutenant J C Shields, Second Lieutenant J T Brown

Baptist College Artillery Barracks, 29 April-10 May, 1861

The 1st Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), Richmond Howitzer Company, under the command of Captain G W Randolph, was ordered to the Baptist College Artillery Barracks, on Bush Hill, south of Deep Run Turnpike, one and a quarter miles northwest of the Capitol, Capitol Hill, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, in the morning on 29 April, 1861.

Note: Colonel J B Magruder, artillery, Provisional Army of Virginia, was assigned to command the artillery at and in the vicinity of Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, by Orders No.5, Headquarters of Division, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, on 29 April, 1861, and the Virginia Forces at and in the vicinity of Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, by General Orders No.12, Headquarters Virginia Forces, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, on 8 May, 1861. He was appointed colonel, infantry, Confederate States Army, on 21 May, 1861, dated 16 March, 1861, and was assigned to command the troops and military operations on the line to Hampton, Elizabeth City County, Virginia, and set up headquarters at Yorktown, York County, Virginia, by Special Orders No.95, Paragraph II, Headquarters Virginia Forces, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, on 21 May, 1861. Colonel J B Magruder, infantry, Confederate States Army, was appointed brigadier general, Confederate States Army, on 17 June, 1861 (See the 4th South Carolina Infantry).

Troops stationed at Baptist College Artillery Barracks, on Bush Hill, south of Deep Run Turnpike, one & a quarter miles northwest of the Capitol, Capitol Hill, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, 2 May, 1861: Colonel J B Magruder, artillery, Provisional Army of Virginia; 1st Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), Richmond Howitzer Company, Captain G W Randolph; Lynchburg Artillery, Captain H G Latham; Richmond Fayette Artillery, Captain H C Cabell

Note: Captain G W Randolph, 1st Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), Richmond Howitzer Company, was appointed major, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, on 4 May, 1861.

Designated Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st, 2nd & 3rd Companies, 8 May, 1861: The 1st Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), Richmond Howitzer Company, was designated the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Companies, under the command of Major G W Randolph, at the Baptist College Artillery Barracks, on Bush Hill, south of Deep Run Turnpike, one and a quarter miles northwest of the Capitol, Capitol Hill, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, on 8 May, 1861.

Note: Major G W Randolph, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, was appointed colonel, artillery, Provisional Army of Virginia, on 11 September, 1861.

Organisation of Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, dated 8 May, 1861: Captain J C Shields, First Lieutenant W P Palmer, Second Lieutenant E S McCarthy

Note: First Lieutenant J C Shields, Richmond Howitzer Company, was appointed captain, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, at the Baptist College Artillery Barracks, on Bush Hill, south of Deep Run Turnpike, one and a quarter miles northwest of the Capitol, Capitol Hill, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, on 8 May, 1861.

Organisation of Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, dated 9 May, 1861: Captain J T Brown, First Lieutenant W M Archer, Second Lieutenant H Hudnall

Note: Second Lieutenant J T Brown, Richmond Howitzer Company, was appointed captain, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, at Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, on 9 May, 1861; Second Lieutenant W M Archer, Richmond Howitzer Company, was appointed first lieutenant, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company; and Private H Hudnall, Richmond Howitzer Company, was appointed second lieutenant, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, on 30 May, 1861.

Organisation of Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 3rd Company, dated 10 May, 1861: Captain R C Stanard, First Lieutenant E F Moseley, Second Lieutenant J M West

Note: Sergeant R C Stanard, Richmond Howitzer Company, was appointed captain, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 3rd Company, at the Baptist College Artillery Barracks, on Bush Hill, south of Deep Run Turnpike, one and a quarter miles northwest of the Capitol, Capitol Hill, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, on 10 May, 1861; Sergeant E F Moseley, Richmond Howitzer Company, was appointed first lieutenant, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 3rd Company, on 11 May, 1861.

Skirmish at Gloucester Point, detachment of 2nd Company, 7 May, 1861

One 12 pounder Dahlgren howitzer and one 12 pounder Dahlgren rifle howitzer (47), under the command of Second Lieutenant J T Brown, 1st Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), Richmond Howitzer Company, were ordered to proceed by the Richmond & York River Railroad to West Point, King William County, Virginia, at 2 PM on 6 May, 1861, and arrived at 7 AM on 7 May, 1861.

Note: A detachment of the 1st Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), Richmond Howitzer Company/ Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, was detained twelve/ fifteen miles east of Petersburg, Dinwiddie County, Virginia, in the afternoon on 6 May, 1861.

West Point, King William County, to Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, 7 May, 1861: A detachment of the 1st Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), Richmond Howitzer Company, arrived by steamer Logan on the York River at Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, at 9 AM the on 7 May, 1861.

Skirmish at Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, 7 May, 1861: A detachment of the 1st Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), Richmond Howitzer Company, engaged in a skirmish with the U.S.S. Yankee at Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, on 7 May, 1861.

Note: The U.S.S. Yankee, under the command of Lieutenant T O Selfridge, Jr., was ordered on a reconnaissance to Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, at 10 AM on 7 May, 1861.

Duty at Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, Colonel W B Taliaferro, Virginia Volunteers, 7 May, 1861: Colonel W B Taliaferro, Virginia Volunteers, was assigned to duty at Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, in the evening on 7 May, 1861, dated 3 May, 1861, and was assigned to duty at Camp of Instruction/ Lee, Hermitage/New Agricultural Society Fairgrounds, between the Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railroad & Broad Street, two & a quarter miles northwest of the Capitol, Capitol Hill, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, by Special Orders No.125, Headquarters of the Virginia Forces, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, on 27 May, 1861,

Note: A detachment of the 1st Virginia Infantry, Company H (1st), Richmond Howitzer Company/ Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, was stationed at Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, between 7 and 26 May, 1861.

Troops staioned at Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, 10 May, 1861: Colonel W B Taliaferro, Virginia Volunteers; Captain T J Page, Jr., Provisional Navy of Virginia; Captain M F Maury, Provisional Navy of Virginia; First Lieutenant W Gwathmey, Provisional Navy of Virginia; Richmond Fayette Artillery, Captain H C Cabell; Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, detachment, Captain J T Brown

Note: First Lieutenant M C Macon, Richmond Fayette Artillery, was assigned two old 6 pounder smoothbores at Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, on 10 May, 1861.

Distribution of the troops stationed at Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, on 10 May, 1861: A detachment of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, under the command of Captain J T Brown, and two old 6 pounder smoothbores of the Richmond Fayette Artillery, under the command of First Lieutenant M C Macon, were stationed at the east bank of Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, and four 6 pounder smoothbores of the Richmond Fayette Artillery, under the command of Captain H C Cabell, at the south bank of Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, on 10 May, 1861.

Note: The Richmond Fayette Artillery was ordered to proceed by the Richmond & York River Railroad to Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, at 1.20 PM on 8 May, 1861, and arrived by the steamer Logan on the York River at 8 AM on 9 May, 1861 (See the 1st Virginia Infantry).

Howard's Grove, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, one mile northeast of the Capitol, Capitol Hill, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, 1st & 3rd Companies & detachment of 2nd Company, 10 May, 1861: The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st and 3rd Companies and a detachment of the 2nd Company, were ordered to Howard's Grove, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, one mile northeast of the Capitol, Capitol Hill, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, on 10 May, 1861, and were stationed at Howard's Grove, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, one mile northeast of the Capitol, Capitol Hill, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, between 10 and 15 May, 1861.

Note: A detachment of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, was stationed at Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, on 15 May, 1861.

Camp Chimborazo, west of Griffin's Spring, on Chimborazo Hill, one & a half miles southeast of the Capitol, Capitol Hill, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, 1st & 3rd Companies & detachment of 2nd Company, 15 May, 1861: The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st and 3rd Companies and a detachment of the 2nd Company, arrived at Camp Chimborazo, west of Griffin's Spring, on Chimborazo Hill, one and a half miles southeast of the Capitol, Capitol Hill, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, in the morning on 15 May, 1861.

Note: The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was stationed at Camp Chimborazo, west of Griffin's Spring, on Chimborazo Hill, one and a half miles southeast of the Capitol, Capitol Hill, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, between 15 and 24 May, 1861, and the Thomas Artillery and the Hampden Artillery arrived at Camp Chimborazo, west of Griffin's Spring, on Chimborazo Hill, one and a half miles southeast of the Capitol, Capitol Hill, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, in the evening on 22 June, 1861.

Arrival at Manassas Junction, 25 May, 1861

The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was ordered to proceed by the Virginia Central Railroad to Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, by Special Orders No.100, Paragraph III, Headquarters, Virginia Forces, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, in the morning on 24 May, 1861, dated 22 May, 1861, and arrived by the Orange & Alexandria Railroad at Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, in the evening on 25 May, 1861.

Note: The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was stationed at Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, between 25 May and 28 June, 1861.

Richmond to Yorktown, 2nd & 3rd Companies, 26/27 May & 4 June, 1861

A detachment of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, under the command of Captain J T Brown, arrived by steamer on the York River at Yorktown, York County, Virginia, on 26 May, 1861, and a detachment of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, arrived on 27 May, 1861.

Note: Colonel J B Magruder, infantry, Confederate States Army, was assigned to command the District of Yorktown, Department of the Peninsula, at Yorktown, York County, Virginia, on 21 May, 1861, and a detachment of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, under the command of Captain J T Brown, was stationed at Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, between 7 and 26 May, 1861.

Reconnaissance to Bethel Church, York County, Virginia, detachment of Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, 4 June, 1861: A detachment of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, under the command of Third Sergeant J Z Wharton, was ordered on a reconnaissance to Bethel Church, York County, Virginia, on 4 June, 1861, and was accompanied by the Chatham Greys, under the command of Captain H H Werth.

Note: A detachment of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, under the command of Captain J T Brown, arrived at Camp of Observation, Bethel Church, York County, Virginia, in the morning on 5 June, 1861,

Camp Chimborazo, Chimborazo Hill, three miles southeast of the Capitol, Capitol Hill, Richmond, to Yorktown, York County, Virginia, 3rd Company, 4-5 June, 1861: The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 3rd Company, under the command of Major G W Randolph, was ordered to proceed by the Richmond & York River Railroad to Yorktown, York County, Virginia, by Special Orders No.142, Headquarters, Virginia Forces, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, in the morning on 4 June, 1861, dated 3 June, 1861, and arrived by steamboat on the York River at 12 PM on 5 June, 1861.

Note: The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 3rd Company, arrived by the Richmond & York River Railroad at West Point, King William County, Virginia, in the morning on 5 June, 1861.

Yorktown to Bethel Church, York County, Virginia, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 3rd Company, 6 June, 1861: The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 3rd Company, was ordered to Bethel Church, York County, Virginia, in the morning on 6 June, 1861, and was accompanied by the 1st North Carolina Infantry, undef the command of Colonel D H Hill. The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 3rd Company, arrived at Camp of Observation, Bethel Church, York County, Virginia, at 10 PM on 6 June, 1861.

Note: A section of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, was ordered to Hunt's Point, on the Poquoson River, four miles northeast of Bethel Church, York County, Virginia, on 6 June, 1861.

Distribution of Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd & 3rd Companies, Battle of Bethel Church/ Big Bethel, 10 June, 1861: One 12 pounder Dahlgren howitzer, under the command of Captain J T Brown and Third Sergeant J Z Wharton, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, was stationed south of the Northwest Branch of Back River; one 12 pounder Dahlgren rfle howitzer, under the command of Second Lieutenant H Hudnall and Sergeant S B Hughes, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, northeast of the Northwest Branch of Back River; One 12 pounder Dahlgren howitzer, under the command of Fourth Sergeant C T C Crane, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, northwest of Bethel Church, York County, Virginia; one 12 pounder Dahlgren howitzer and one 10 pounder Parrott Rifle, under the command of Major G W Randolph, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, and Captain R C Stanard and Fourth Sergeant W B Gretter, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 3rd Company, were stationed at and in the vicinity of Bethel Church, York County, Virginia; one 12 pounder Dahlgren howitzer, under the command of Second Lieutenant J M West, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 3rd Company, on the road between Halfway House and Bethel Church, York County, Virginia; and one 12 pounder Dahlgren howitzer, under the command of First Lieutenant E F Moseley, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 3rd Company, at Halfway House, York County, Virginia, in the morning on 10 June, 1861.

Note: Second Lieutenant H Hudnall, Sergeant S B Hughes, and Private J Werth, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, were wounded at the battle of Bethel Church/ Big Bethel, on 10 June, 1861, and the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 2nd Company, was assigned to the 1st Virginia Artillery, Company A (1st), and Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 3rd Company, was assigned to the 1st Virginia Artillery, Company B (1st), under the command of Colonel G W Randolph, Lieutenant Colonel H C Cabell, and Major J T Brown, on 12 September, 1861.

General Orders No.25, Headquarters, Virginia Forces, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, 8 June, 1861: The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was assigned to the Confederate States by General Orders No.25, Headquarters, Virginia Forces, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, on 8 June, 1861, and was accepted in Confederate service on 1 July, 1861.

Note: The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was assigned to the First Brigade, First Corps, Army of the Potomac, under the command of Brigadier General M L Bonham, by General Orders No.20, Headquarters, Army of the Potomac, Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, on 20 June, 1861, and was stationed at Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, in the evening on 22 June, 1861.

Advance to Fairfax Courthouse, 28 June, 1861

The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was ordered to Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, by Special Orders No.70, Paragraph II, Headquarters, Army of the Potomac, Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, on 28 June, 1861, dated 27 June, 1861.

Note: The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery (94), 1st Company, was stationed at the road between Fairfax Courthouse and Flint Hill, north of Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, between 30 June, 1861.

Reconnaissance to Mills' Crossroads, section, 3-4 July, 1861

One 6 pounder smootbore and one 12 pounder Army howitzer of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, under the command of Colonel J B Kershaw, 2nd South Carolina Infantry, were ordered on a reconnaissance to Mills' Crossroads, four miles northeast of Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, in the evening on 3 July, 1861, and were accompanied by four companies of the 2nd South Carolina Infantry, the 30th Virginia Cavalry, Company G; the Black Horse Troop; and Lieutenant Colonel T T Munford, 30th Virginia Cavalry. The detachment of the 1st Company arrived at Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, on 4 July, 1861 (See the 2nd South Carolina Infantry).

Note: One 6 pounder smootbore and one 12 pounder Army howitzer of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, under the command of Captain J C Shields, were ordered to rendezvous at Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, at 12 AM on 4 July, 1861.

Organisation of Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, section, 3-4 July, 1861: Captain J C Shields, Second Lieutenant E S McCarthy and Corporal H S Williams

Troops stationed one & a half miles west of Mills' Crossroads, four miles northeast of Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, 4 July, 1861: The 30th Virginia Cavalry, Company G; the Black Horse Troop; and one 12 pounder Army howitzer and one 6 pounder smoothbore of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel T T Munford, 30th Virginia Cavalry, were stationed one and a half miles west of Mills' Crossroads, four miles northeast of Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, in the morning on 4 July, 1861 (See the Radford's Squadron Cavalry).

Note: Four companies of the 2nd South Carolina Infantry, under the command of Colonel J B Kershaw, were stationed west of Mills' Crossroads, four miles northeast of Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, in the morning on 4 July, 1861.

Organisation of reconnaissance to Mills' Crossroads, four miles northeast of Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, 3-4 July, 1861: Colonel J B Kershaw, 2nd South Carolina Infantry; Lieutenant Colonel T T Munford, 30th Virginia Cavalry; 2nd South Carolina Infantry, 4 companies; 30th Virginia Cavalry, Company G, Captain E W Radford; Black Horse Troop, Captain W H Payne; Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, section, Captain J C Shields

Note: Corporal M C Tyler and Private S H Gordon, Black Horse Troop, were killed by a detachment of the 2nd South Carolina Infantry during the reconnaissance to Mills' Crossroads, four miles northeast of Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, at 4 AM on 4 July, 1861 (See the Munford's Squadron Cavalry).

Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, 4 July, 1861: One 6 pounder smootbore and one 12 pounder Army howitzer of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, were ordered to Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, in the morning on 4 July, 1861.

Fairfax Courthouse to Germantown, detachment, 15 July, 1861

One 12 pounder Army howitzer of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery (21), 1st Company, under the command of Second Lieutenant E S McCarthy, was ordered to Germantown, Fairfax County, Virginia, at 3 PM on 15 July, 1861.

Note: One 12 pounder Army howitzer of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery was stationed east of the the old Georgetown Road, 300 yards northeast of Germantown, Fairfax County, Virginia, in the evening on 16 July, 1861 (See the 8th South Carolina Infantry).

Road between Fairfax Courthouse & Flint Hill, north of Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, detachment, 17 July, 1861: Two 6 pounder smoothbores and one 12 pounder Army howitzer of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, under the command of Captain J C Shields, were stationed at the road between Fairfax Courthouse and Flint Hill, north of Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, in the morning on 17 July, 1861.

Note: The 7th South Carolina Infantry was stationed on the road between Fairfax Courthouse and Flint Hill, north of Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, in the morning on 17 July, 1861 (See the 7th South Carolina Infantry).

Withdrawal to Mitchell's Ford, 17-18 July, 1861

The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel T T Munford, 30th Virginia Cavalry, was ordered to withdraw to Mitchell's Ford, on the Bull Run River, in the morning on 17 July, 1861, and was accompanied by the 7th South Carolina Infantry and the 30th Virginia Cavalry, Companies C and G. The company arrived by the old Braddock Road at the heights east of Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, in the afternoon on 17 July, 1861.

Note: The 2nd South carolina Infantry, Company G, was stationed east of the old Georgetown Road, 300 yards northeast of Germantown, Fairfax County, Virginia, as support to one 12 pounder Army howitzer of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery in the morning on 17 July, 1861.

Heights east of Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, to Mitchell's Ford, on the Bull Run River, 18 July, 1861: The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was ordered to Mitchell's Ford, on the Bull Run River, at 12 AM on 18 July, 1861, and arrived in the morning the same day.

Note: The 30th Virginia Cavalry, Company G, was assigned as escort to the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, during the withdrawal to Mitchell's Ford, on the Bull Run River, in the morning on 18 July, 1861.

First battle of Manassas, 21 July, 1861

The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was stationed at the rear of Mitchell's Ford, on the Bull Run River, in the morning on 21 July, 1861.

Rear of Mitchell's Ford, on the Bull Run River, 21 July, 1861: The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was stationed at the rear of Mitchell's Ford, on the Bull Run River, in the evening on 21 July, 1861.

Follow & observe the enemy at & in the vicinity of Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, 22 July, 1861: A section of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, under the command of First Lieutenant W P Palmer, was ordered to follow and observe the enemy, to pick up stragglers, and secure relinquished property at and in the vicinity of Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia,at 8 AM on 22 July, 1861, and was accompanied by the 3rd South Carolina Infantry, the 7th South Carolina Infantry, and the Hanover Light Dragoons. The section of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was ordered to Mitchell's Ford, on the Bull Run River, in the evening on 22 July, 1861.

Note: The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was ordered to Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, by Special Orders No.146, Paragraph I, Headquarters, Army of the Potomac, Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, dated 22 July, 1861.

Mitchell's Ford to Centreville, 23 July, 1861

A section of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, under the command of First Lieutenant W P Palmer, was ordered to Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, at 12 PM on 23 July, 1861, and arrived at 2 PM the same day.

Note: A section of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, under the command of Second Lieutenant E S McCarthy, was ordered on a reconnaissance to Fairfax Courthouse, Fairfax County, Virginia, at 12 PM on 23 July, 1861.

Centreville to Vienna, 23 July, 1861

The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was ordered to Vienna, Fairfax County, Virginia, by Special Orders No.149, Paragraph I, Headquarters, Army of the Potomac, Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, at 8 PM on 23 July, 1861, and arrived at Camp Gregg, Vienna, via Germantown, Fairfax County, Virginia, in the morning on 24 July, 1861.

Note: A section of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, under the command of Second Lieutenant E S McCarthy, arrived at Germantown, Fairfax County, in the evening on 23 July, 1861.

Organisation of Fourth Brigade, First Corps, Army of the Potomac, 25 July, 1861: Brigadier General J Longstreet, Confederate States Army; 1st Virginia Infantry, Colonel P T Moore; 7th Virginia Infantry, Colonel J L Kemper; 11th Virginia Infantry, Colonel S Garland, Jr.; 17th Virginia Infantry, Colonel M D Corse; 30th Virginia Cavalry, Companies B, C, F, & I, Lieutenant Colonel T T Munford; Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, Captain J C Shields

Note: The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was assigned to the Fourth Brigade, First Corps, Army of the Potomac, under the command of Brigadier General J Longstreet, by Special Orders No.169, Paragraph I, Headquarters, First Corps, Army of the Potomac, Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, on 25 July, 1861.

Vienna to centreville, 27 July, 1861

The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was ordered to Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, by Special Orders No.169, Paragraph II, Headquarters, First Corps, Army of the Potomac, Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, in the morning on 27 July, 1861, dated 25 July, 1861, and was stationed at Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, between 27 July and 10 August, 1861.

Special Orders No.216, Paragraph I, Headquarters, First Corps, Army of the Potomac, Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, 9 August, 1861: The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was assigned to the Seventh Brigade, First Corps, Army of the Potomac, under the command of Colonel N G Evans, cavalry, Confederate States Army, by Special Orders No.216, Paragraph I, Headquarters, First Corps, Army of the Potomac, Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, in the morning on 9 August, 1861.

Note: The Loudoun Artillery to the Fourth Brigade, First Corps, Army of the Potomac, under the command of Brigadier General J Longstreet, Confederate States Army, by Special Orders No.216, Paragraph II, Headquarters, First Corps, Army of the Potomac, Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, in the morning on 9 August, 1861 (See the Loudoun Artillery).

centreville to Leesburg, 10 August, 1861

The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was ordered to Leesburg, Loudoun County, Virginia, by Special Orders No.216, Paragraph I, Headquarters, First Corps, Army of the Potomac, Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, in the morning on 10 August, 1861, dated 9 August, 1861, and rendezvoused with the Seventh Brigade, First Corps, Army of the Potomac, under the command of Colonel N G Evans, cavalry, Confederate States Army, between Centreville, Fairfax County, and Leesburg, Loudoun County, Virginia, at 6.30 PM on 10 August, 1861. The company arrived at Leesburg, Loudoun County, Virginia, in the evening on 11 August, 1861.

Reconnaissance to Lovettsville & Waterford, Loudoun County, Virginia, section, 12-13 August, 1861: A section of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, under the command of First Lieutenant W P Palmer, was ordered to Lovettsville, Loudoun County, Virginia, under the command of Colonel N G Evans, cavalry, Confederate States Army, in the morning on 12 August, 1861, and was accompanied by the 17th Mississippi Infantry. The section of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was ordered to Waterford, Loudoun County, Virginia, in the morning on 13 August, 1861.

Reconnaissance to Conrad's Ferry, left/ Rear section, 23-27 August, 1861

The left/ rear section of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, under the command of Captain W B Ball, Chesterfield Light Dragoons, Company B, arrived Conrad's Ferry, four and a half miles west of Poolesville, Montgomery County, Maryland, in the afternoon on 23 August, 1861, and was accompanied by the 17th Mississippi Infantry, Company K, and the Chesterfield Light Dragoons, Company B.

Organisation of reconnaissance to Conrad's Ferry, on the Potomac River, four & a half miles west of Poolesville, Montgomery County, Maryland, 23-27 August, 1861: Captain W B Ball, Chesterfield Light Dragoons, Company B; 17th Mississippi Infantry, Company K, Captain W L Duff; Chesterfield Light Dragoons, Company B, First Lieutenant W B Woodridge; Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, left/ rear section, Second Lieutenant E S McCarthy

Skirmish at Conrad's Ferry, four & a half miles west of Poolesville, Montgomery County, Maryland, 24-25 August, 1861: The left/ rear section of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, under the command of Second Lieutenant E S McCarthy, was engaged in a skirmish at Conrad's Ferry, four and a half miles west of Poolesville, Montgomery County, Maryland, between 24 and 25 August, 1861.

Note: Private J W Barr, Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was wounded during the skirmish at Conrad's Ferry, four and a half miles west of Poolesville, Montgomery County, Maryland, between 24 and 25 August, 1861.

Conrad's Ferry, four & a half miles west of Poolesville, Montgomery County, Maryland, to Big Spring, two miles northeast of Leesburg, Loudoun County, Virginia, 27 August, 1861: The left/ rear section of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was ordered to Big Spring, two miles northeast of Leesburg, Loudoun County, Virginia, in the evening on 27 August, 1861.

Reconnaissance to Lovettsville, Right Section, 25-28 August, 1861

The right section of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, under the command of Captain J C Shields, arrived at Lovettsville, Loudoun County, Virginia, in the morning on 25 August 1861, and was accompanied by two companies of the 8th Virginia Infantry and a detachment of the Madison Cavalry/ Invincibles (25). The right section of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, arrived at Leesburg via Waterford and Taylortown, Loudoun County, Virginia, at 12 PM on 28 August, 1861.

Note: The right/ lead section of the Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, under the command of Captain J C Shields, was stationed at J Mead's, west of the old Carolina Road, two miles southwest of Leesburg, Loudoun County, Virginia, and the left/ rear section, under the command of Second Lieutenant E S McCarthy, at Big Spring, two miles northeast of Leesburg, Loudoun County, Virginia, on 31 August, 1861.

Surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse, Appomattox County, Virginia, 9 April, 1865: The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse, Appomattox County, Virginia, on 9 April, 1865.

Brigadier General M L Bonham, Confederate States Army, First Brigade, First Corps, Army of the Potomac, 23 April, 1861: M L Bonham was appointed major general, South Carolina Volunteers, by General Orders No.10, Headquarters, Provisional Forces, Charleston, Charleston District, South Carolina, on 5 March, 1861, dated 23 February, 1861, and was assigned to command the troops stationed at Morris Island, Charleston District, South Carolina, by General Orders No.6, Headquarters, Division South Carolina Volunteers, Morris Island, Charleston District, South Carolina, on 14 April, 1861. Major General M L Bonham, South Carolina Volunteers, was relieved by General Orders No.27, Headquarters, Provisional Army of South Carolina, Charleston, Charleston District, South Carolina, on 21 April, 1861, and was appointed brigadier general, Confederate States Army, on 23 April, 1861. He arrived by the Richmond & Petersburg Railroad at Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, at 6 PM on 24 April, 1861, and was accompanied by the 1st South Carolina Infantry, Companies A, B, C, E, H, I, K, and L. Brigadier General M L Bonham, Confederate States Army, was assigned to command the Department of Alexandria and set up headquarters at Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, by Special Orders No.95, Headquarters, Virginia Forces, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, on 21 May, 1861, and was ordered to proceed by the Virginia Central Railroad to Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, on 22 May, 1861. He was accompanied by the 1st South Carolina Infantry and arrived by the Orange & Alexandria Railroad at Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, on 23 May, 1861. Brigadier General M L Bonham, Confederate States Army, was assigned to command the the troops stationed at Fairfax County, Virginia, and the 2nd South Carolina Infantry by Special Orders No. 1 and General Orders No.9, Headquarters, Department of Alexandria, Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, on 4 June, 1861, and arrived at Centreville, Fairfax County, Virginia, in the morning on 9 June, 1861. He was assigned to command the First Brigade, First Corps, Army of the Potomac, by General Orders No.20, Paragraph I, Headquarters, Army of the Potomac, Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, on 20 June, 1861, and was reappointed brigadier general, Confederate States Army, on 21 October, 1861, dated 14 July, 1861.

Note: Brigadier General P G T Beauregard, Confederate states Army, assumed command of the Department of Alexandria at Camp Pickens, Manassas Junction, Prince William County, Virginia, on 2 June, 1861.

The Richmond Howitzer Battalion Artillery, 1st Company, was assigned to the First Brigade, First Division, Potomac District, Department of Northern Virginia, under the command of Brigadier General C Clark, Confederate States Army, by General Orders No.15, Adjutant & Inspector General's Office, Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia, on 22 October, 1861.

Reports

OFFICIAL REPORT No.86: Series I, Volume 2 (Serial No.2), pp518-521
Brigadier General M L Bonham, Confederate States Army, First Brigade, First Corps, Army of the Potomac, dated Camp Gregg, in the vicinity of Vienna, Fairfax County, Virginia, 1 August, 1861